Why Some Think Lowering Salt Intake May Do More Harm than Good

iStock/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) — For years, Americans, especially those with high blood pressure, have been told that too much salt is bad for their health. But a growing chorus of medical and nutritional experts has begun to push back on that claim.

“We have been stuck in a time warp with this advice,” said Dr. Steven Nissen, the chairman of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. “There is no solid evidence to support the current recommendations.”

Nissen pointed to several recent studies that chip away at the American Heart Association guidelines calling for people with high blood pressure to limit their salt intake to no more than 1,500 milligrams daily.

One such study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2011. Examining the sodium intake of nearly 30,000 people, Irish researchers found that those with a very high intake of salt — 6,000 to 7,000 milligrams daily — were at higher risk for cardiovascular problems such as heart attack and stroke. But they also found that those with low salt intake were equally at risk.

This finding is important because it raises questions about whether someone with an average American intake of about 3,000 milligrams of sodium a day would benefit from making any reduction, Nissen said. More and better investigations should be done to determine if someone with high blood pressure would be helped or harmed by the current recommendation, he added.

It could be that subjects with low sodium intake in studies have health problems that skewed the results in the Irish study and others, according to Alice H. Lichtenstein, the director of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at Tufts University and an AHA spokeswoman.

“When we looked at studies for the National Institutes of Medicine, we couldn’t rule out the strong possibility that people with lower sodium intake were sicker subjects and had a greatly diminished food intake in general, and might have been misreporting their intake,” she said.

But Lichtenstein admitted that, while the data supports lowering sodium intake down to about 2,300 milligrams daily, there isn’t yet much evidence for going down to 1,500. Like Nissen, she said there needs to be more research to get a definitive answer.

The current government recommendation on sodium intake for a healthy person is no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day, or about a teaspoon. People over 50, African Americans and anyone with high blood pressure or kidney problems should limit their intake to 1,500 the guidelines state. The majority of sodium in the American diet comes from processed foods, the AHA says.

Those sodium intake guidelines, followed by millions of Americans, were recently scrutinized by a panel of health and nutrition experts known as the “2015 Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee” with an eye towards possible revision.

But Nissen said he doesn’t expect the recommendations to change any time soon.

“These ideas are so entrenched it will be difficult to get people to let go of such long-held beliefs,” he said.

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