Understanding stroke: What you need to know

Question: What is the most common issue stroke survivors mention regarding their symptoms?

Answer: It’s often not a question, but rather a realization that comes too late. Many survivors delay seeking medical attention because they misinterpret their symptoms. They may think their arm or leg just “fell asleep” from sitting or lying in one position too long, or they blame dizziness or blurry vision on being tired and decide to lie down. These are potentially life-saving warning signs that need immediate attention.

Question: Is there a particular season when strokes are more common?

Answer: I have noticed an uptick in strokes during the summer. When the weather is warm, people are more active outdoors, often working in their yards or exercising — but they may forget to stay hydrated. Dehydration doesn’t directly cause a stroke, but it can make the blood thicker, which hinders blood flow to the brain and increases risk.

Question: What is something the public should absolutely know about strokes?

Answer: Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the U.S. and the No. 1 cause of long-term disability. Nearly 795,000 strokes occur every year, and about 1 in 4 stroke survivors will suffer a second stroke. The good news is that 80% of strokes are preventable. While we can’t control risk factors like age, ethnicity, or family history, we can take charge of modifiable risks, such as managing high blood pressure and cholesterol, staying active, quitting smoking, and managing diabetes.

Question: What is the risk after having a mini-stroke (TIA)?

Answer: A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a serious warning sign. Between 10% to 18% of people who experience a TIA will have a full stroke within 90 days, often sooner. Recognizing and treating the warning signs early can save lives and prevent long-term disability.

Question: What message do you most want stroke survivors and their caregivers to remember?

A: Time lost is brain lost. Don’t wait. Know the symptoms of stroke — BE F.A.S.T.:

• Balance issues or dizziness
• Eyesight challenges
• Face drooping
• Arm weakness
• Speech difficulty
• Time to call 911

Immediate medical attention makes all the difference.

After spending more than 30 years in nursing, Anna Ruiz-Shackelford has made it her mission to educate and empower stroke survivors and their caregivers.